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Package labeling targets trans fat.(Guest Editorial)
Trans fat is one of the most dangerous players in the human diet for cardiovascular disease risk. The move by the Food and Drug Administration in July to require labeling for trans fat on packaged foods by 2006 was a very important step forward for public health in the United States.
Trans fat is a relatively new term and a relatively new concept in nutrition. A large fraction of the general public, and even some physicians, are unaware of what trans fat is and the harm it can cause. Package labeling will be a major move forward in bringing this high-risk fat into the spotlight and helping people cut the amount of trans fat in their diets.
Trans fat is a danger because it packs a one-two punch on a person's lipoprotein profile. Consumption of trans fat leads to both an increase in serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a decrease in serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. No other dietary factor has both of these adverse effects, and it's not clear how trans fat does it. But this double whammy means that trans fat is much worse than, for example, saturated fat, which increases LDL levels but also increases HDL.
Trans fat poses other dangers as well. It interferes with the normal metabolism of essential fatty acids, disrupting the production of various hormones and clotting factors. There is also substantial experimental and epidemiologic evidence that dietary trans fat can trigger insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This may be caused by an increased risk of obesity in people whose diet is high in trans fat, but there is also a suggestion that trans fat disrupts fluidity in cell membranes, thereby interfering with the normal activity of insulin receptors.
Commercial production of trans fat began in the early 20th century and increased steadily until the 1960s as processed vegetable fats displaced animal fats. It has become a very popular ingredient for the food industry.
Trans fat is produced by the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oil and is widely used ...
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