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Study suggests smallpox vaccine may provide lifelong immunity: degrades only slightly over time.(News)
Contrary to popular belief, the smallpox vaccine appears to provide lifelong immunity, according to Erika Hammarlund of the Oregon Health & Science University Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute in Beaverton, and her associates.
The researchers studied 306 vaccinees at 1-75 years after their first vaccination and 26 unvaccinated controls. Vaccinees had been immunized anywhere from 1 to 14 times (Nat. Med. Advance Online Publication, Aug. 17, 2003).
To determine the vaccinees' response to the vaccine, the researchers looked at the patients' CD4 T-cell responses using a staining protocol that detects vaccinia-specific T cells by virtue of their ability to produce potent antiviral factors such as interferon and tumor necrosis factor. They also looked at CD8 T-cell responses using ex vivo stimulation with vaccinia-infected cells.
"Direct comparisons between virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell numbers within individual vaccinees revealed dynamic and independently regulated changes in T-cell memory over time," they wrote. "At early time points ranging from 27 days to 7 years after vaccination, nearly all volunteers possessed strong CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses."
Later on--anywhere from 14-75 years after vaccination--many individuals still maintained both CD4 and CD8 T-cell memory, although at lower levels than before. However, other patients "preferentially lost" CD8 T-cell memory "while leaving the antiviral CD4 T-cell compartment intact," they noted.
The researchers also used a Vaccinia-specific ELISA test ...
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Source: HighBeam Research, Study suggests smallpox vaccine may provide lifelong immunity:...