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WASHINGTON _ The space shuttle program was conceived in the late 1960s to provide NASA with a reusable spacecraft capable of launching satellites as well as providing shuttle service to and from a manned space station. In fiscal 2002, the shuttle program cost U.S. taxpayers $3.272 billion.
Over two decades, astronauts aboard the shuttles have conducted scientific experiments, including deployment of instruments such as telescopes and satellites.
Astronauts from Spain, Russia, Japan, Morocco and other countries have ridden the shuttles. Five shuttles have flown into space: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavor. The earliest shuttle, ...