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In an effort to get the nation's crippled electricity markets up and running, market administrators have begun to establish demand-bidding programs that pay large commercial and industrial customers to reduce their electric use when wholesale prices rise. Customers are usually shielded from the fluctuations of wholesale prices, so they don't reduce consumption when prices rise. As a result, without intervention, prices can spiral out of control.
But many economists say demand-bidding programs are more difficult to administer and less effective than dynamic pricing, in which retail customers face wholesale market price fluctuations, and so have a natural incentive ...