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Prevention is better than cure any day. And with a well-designed supplement regimen, you may be developing the best disease-prevention program available. But are you taking the right vitamins--and at the right time and in the right way? Should you switch to natural, or are synthetic good enough? Tablets or capsules? Above all, how do you know if they're working?
how much is enough?
A Harvard study, reported in the June 19, 2002 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association, found that inadequate intakes of certain vitamins can actually increase your risk for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancer and osteoporosis. A nutritious diet--supplemented where necessary-can be your best defense, especially if you fall into one of the at-risk groups.
The Harvard researchers found that the elderly, vegans, alcohol-dependent individuals and those suffering from vitamin malabsorption were at high risk for inadequate vitamin intake. While the study looked only at vitamins, suboptimal mineral intake has its risks as well. The Harvard study also pointed out that the excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A, may lead to more problems than it solves.
Confirming that, a study reported in the January 23, 2003 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine found that men with the highest serum retinol levels--meaning those with the most vitamin A in their blood--are at the greatest risk of hip fracture. So, too much of a good thing can be as risky as too little.
get the right stuff
That's why a low-fat diet rich in fruits and vegetables should be your first defense. After that, look to supplements to compensate for nutrients that may be lacking in your diet. But how do you do that?