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No Hepatitis B DNA Found in Amniotic Fluid.
KAMUELA, HAWAII -- It is unlikely that fetuses acquire hepatitis B infection from their mothers during amniocentesis, even though maternal blood enters the intrauterine cavity during 38%-90% of procedures, according to Dr. Craig V. Towers.
No viral DNA was found in the amniotic fluid of 47 women who underwent amniocentesis for genetic screening or fetal lung maturity at Long Beach (Calif.) Memorial Women's Hospital, which is affiliated with the University of California, Irvine.
All of the patients had tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) during pregnancy, indicating active infection and suggesting they could transmit the virus to their fetuses, he reported at the annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society.
Evidence of surface antigens were found in amniotic fluid, but these antigens cannot transmit the virus because they don't contain nuclear material.
At delivery, further tests revealed no hepatitis B DNA in cord blood in a sub-group of 30 women, although surface antigen was detected in some samples.
Together, the findings strongly suggest that in utero transmission of the virus is rare, said Dr. Towers, who is currently on sabbatical from the university and his Huntington Beach, Calif., practice in obstetrics and gynecology.
Infants born to mothers who test positive for HBsAg are treated immediately after delivery with hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine, a precaution that prevents infection in approximately 95% of cases. But Dr. Towers wanted to reveal more information about the remaining babies who become infected despite prophylactic treatment.
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