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PHILADELPHIA _ Once, coal employed one out of every 20 people in Pennsylvania. It heated homes, powered steam locomotives and fueled the Industrial Revolution, making the state an economic powerhouse.
These days, barely 8,600 people work in or around the mines, down from a peak of more than 375,000 during World War I. Total production is barely a quarter of what it was back then, and Pennsylvania has slipped from first to fourth among coal-producing states.
The state is scarred with abandoned mines and contaminated rivers that could cost billions to clean, and utility officials predict that new air-quality regulations will weaken the industry further.
But the obituary for coal has been written before _ when steam locomotives gave way to diesel, when coal furnaces gave way to oil and natural gas, when the domestic steel industry plummeted.
And each time coal found a way ...