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Criminal wrongdoing of bishops would be difficult to prove, experts say.(The Dallas Morning News)

Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service

| May 01, 2002 | Weiss, Jeffrey | COPYRIGHT 2002 Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)Copyright

DALLAS _ Grand juries are walking where prosecutors have previously feared to tread: investigating the American hierarchy of the Catholic Church. And that raises the question: Might bishops _ or even cardinals _ face criminal charges for their roles in the priest sexual-abuse scandals?

The answer is less certain than the outrage.

Prosecutors, legal experts and Catholic leaders _ even bishops and cardinals _ agree that bishops across the country used terrible judgment. Civil juries have found church leaders liable for hundreds of millions of dollars in damages for conspiring to cover up the acts of sexually predatory priests. Five years ago, Dallas was the scene of the largest such judgment, in the Rudy Kos case.

And dozens of current or former priests, including Kos, have been convicted of sex crimes.

But are the leaders criminally responsible for allowing the abuses to happen over decades _ or for covering them up? Cardinal Bernard Law of Boston, Cardinal Anthony Bevilacqua of Philadelphia, Archbishop Daniel Pilarczyk of Cincinnati, Bishop William Murphy of Long Island and Bishop Anthony Pilla of Cleveland have been the particular focus of criminal investigators recently. But could they or other national or local church leaders actually face the possibility of jail time?

"If this was the average Joe, instead of bishops and cardinals, we would not believe ...

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