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War may be hell, but without rules it would be even worse.

Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service

| April 01, 2003 | Lubrano, Alfred | COPYRIGHT 2003 Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)Copyright

Byline: Alfred Lubrano

PHILADELPHIA _ Though war is savage, it still has rules.

Last month, observers accused Iraq of breaking several of those stipulations by showing U.S. prisoners of war on television; flying false flags of surrender, then attacking coalition soldiers; using a hospital as a base of military operations; dressing soldiers as civilians; and compelling civilians to act as human shields.

Though it might seem an oxymoron to talk of codes of combat, documents such as the 1907 Hague Conventions and the 1949 Geneva Conventions aim to curtail chaos and protect civilians and prisoners.

For thousands of years, the behavior of armies in warfare has been governed by long lists of laws.

"Whether it's archers in the Middle Ages or artillery commanders headed for Baghdad, soldiers have always behaved in accordance to certain rules," said Beth Hillman, an expert on military law at Rutgers University School of Law in Camden, N.J. "And these rules make a difference."

Iraq signed the Geneva Conventions in 1956, the United States in 1955.

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