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Clues to obesity-cancer connection under study.(Gynecology)
NEW ORLEANS -- Investigators are examining the roles of estrogen, insulin, and their related growth factors in obesity-related cancer, Andrew Renehan, Ph.D., of Christie Hospital, Manchester, England, said in an interview at the annual meeting of the Endocrine Society.
Until recently, adipocytes were considered a passive tissue of fat storage. However, there is now compelling evidence that they also act as endocrine secretory cells, expressing hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. Obese people have increased levels of these compounds, and although the amounts are small, they can have potentially important effects on cellular growth and apoptosis, perhaps allowing damaged cells to survive and grow into tumors.
Special attention is being focused on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Obese individuals, especially those with highly metabolically active visceral fat, are likely to develop insulin resistance, which leads to increased IGF-1 and decreased IGFBP-3 levels.
Several studies suggest that high IGF-1 and low IGFBP-3 levels are associated with an increase in the risk of prostate, breast, colon, and lung cancers, Dr. Renehan said. Laboratory evidence shows that IGF-1 is mitogenic and antiapoptotic, while IGFBP-3 may be antiproliferative and proapoptotic.
Many tumor cell types also overexpress the IGF-1 receptor; this could enhance the cells' response to IGF-1, Dr. Renehan reported in a metaanalysis of 21 studies examining the relationship between these growth factors and cancer risks (Lancet 2004;363:1346-53). Another researcher Michael N. Pollak, M.D., of McGill University, Montreal, has postulated that increased IGF-1 increases the risk of cancer by exerting subtle influences on the growth and death of epithelial cells. The somatic cells of people with high IGF-1 levels show slightly higher rates of proliferation and slightly lower rates of apoptosis. This scenario would facilitate the survival and growth of genetically damaged cells, Dr. Pollak said (Nat. Rev. Cancer 2004;4:505-18).
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Source: HighBeam Research, Clues to obesity-cancer connection under study.(Gynecology)