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In the panic of 1869, Cornelius Vanderbilt "appeared in the role of a hero," Stiles writes, praised for steadying the markets with his confidence and his cash. In reality, Vanderbilt's own machinations had helped push the markets to the brink. He gambled not only his fortune but, with it, the "health of the national economy," and "the only thing more remarkable than his recklessness was his success." Vanderbilt started out running a ferry off Staten Island and went on to control shipping lines and railroads; he ...