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Causality and contingency.(Letter to the editor)
John Lukacs's article in your Winter 2009 issue purports to enhance the readers' knowledge of the methodologies of history and science by demonstrating that both rely on subjectivity. The area allowed for subjectivity in science, however, is much more constricted than in history. The key to his confusion is that he has overlooked Kahn's concept of the paradigm, which limits subjectivity to the choice of the paradigm within which one works. Thereafter the scientist must conform to the scientific method accepted by that paradigm as that method is laid out by his peers.
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Scientists in a particular field recognize that they are adherents of a chosen paradigm by which they are evaluated professionally. The articles the scientist presents for publication will be judged by peers. The peer group ...
- Medical Malpractice Insurance: Multiple Factors Have Contributed to Premium...
- General Accounting Office Reports & Testimony November 1, 2003 700+ words
...analyses of national data from various sources. In summary, multiple factors have contributed to the recent increases in medical malpractice...have discussed, premium rate increases are influenced by multiple factors, and our analyses did not allow us to determine the extent...
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- Newspaper article from: Healthcare Imaging Update August 1, 2008 700+ words
Multiple factors drive increased use of preop MRI Breast cancer patients should understand pros & cons There is no question that the use of...
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- Reference information from: Webster's NewWorld Dictionary January 1, 1988 700+ words
Webster's NewWorld Dictionary 01-01-1988 multiple factors Genetics a series of two or more pairs of allelic genes, considered to act as a single unit with a cumulative effect in the transmission...
- SME growth in India stunted by multiple-factors: Assocham.
- News wire article from: PTI - The Press Trust of India Ltd. June 4, 2007 700+ words
SME growth in India stunted by multiple-factors: Assocham New Delhi, June 4 (PTI) Non-availability of institutional finance, low level of research and development and delays...
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- Press release article from: PR Newswire October 26, 2002 700+ words
...profile, and one prescription refilled monthly with one co-pay. "The PASPORT Survey supports research documenting that multiple factors impact a patient's ability to follow a treatment plan exactly as prescribed," said Dr. Stone. "Adherence is a complex...
- Multiple factors affect flight power curves among species.
- Newspaper article from: Science Letter February 10, 2003 700+ words
2003 FEB 10 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- Researchers using three dimensional computer modeling and wind tunnels have made the first accurate comparative measurements of muscle power output of birds in flight to establish that physical structure, body mass, force, and flight style all have
- Managing multiple factors that govern reimbursement: with the right software, a...
- Magazine article from: Health Management Technology October 1, 2002 700+ words
The healthcare economy has undergone tremendous change during the past three decades. As a result, healthcare organizations are demanding more from their financial systems. Today, many healthcare organizations rely on a host of task-oriented financial systems that fail to work together effectively.
- Multiple Factors Cited for Rise in Insurance Penetration.
- Magazine article from: The Bond Buyer Meyers, Maxwell February 13, 2006 700+ words
Insurance penetration continued its march higher in 2005, rising slightly to 56% from 54.6% in 2004, according to Thomson Financial. Reasons for the increase vary, but many municipal market participants pointed to a combination of increased competition among financial guarantors, strong issuance in
Source: HighBeam Research, Causality and contingency.(Letter to the editor)