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The Bohemian-born, Vienna-educated immigrant Francis J. Grund admitted to a lack of "a certain mechanical perfection" in American-made products, especially compared to those made in England, where "a greater division of labour and long-followed practice in a narrow circumscribed trade" assured a refinement in handiwork. But, as he observed, the American craftsman more than compensated through his versatility and willingness to innovate. With the abundance of wood in the New World, a furniture maker could afford to make a mistake and begin over again.
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Cabinet-and chairmakers created innumerable variations in the construction, style, and decoration of furniture. Why particular preferences developed in certain places--the stylized shell carving in all its glorious whimsy and frivolity seen here could only be found in Connecticut, for example--is an issue raised in a landmark essay by the late Charles F. Montgomery in 1976. He, as well as John T. Kirk and later Philip D. Zimmerman, looked to the work of Hans Kurath in the related field of linguistic ...