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For those who wonder "Where are the men?" among college students, new research shows an especially strong need for social support to overcome a deviant gene associated with poor impulse control in men.
A study examined genes and survey data from more than 2,500 people who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Three sociologists and a behavioral geneticist researchers wrote a paper on it appearing in the November American Journal of Sociology.
The gene, called DRD2, affects a person's ability to respond to dopamine, a brain chemical that controls many cognitive and emotional processes. In previous studies it has been associated with poor impulse control, problems in planning and alcoholism. Now it is also associated with not attending college.
In this study, about 43% of the 2,500 participants had the gene's problem variants. Among white men, 59% without the risky variant went to college, compared with 44% of those carrying the deviant variant. Among blacks, 52% of those without the risky variant went to college, but only 35% of those with it did so.
Those able to overcome the effect of the risky variant's effects shared a supportive environment--described as having high social capital--including a high-quality high school and parents who are well-educated and heavily involved in their high ...