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(From Business and Finance)
How much further will the dollar fall?
Or has it already fallen so far that it will now start to move back to a higher level?
For travellers to the United States from Europe or Asia, US prices are dramatically lower than at home. A hotel room or dinner in New York seems a bargain when compared to prices in London, Paris or Tokyo. And shoppers from abroad are loading up on a wide range of products before heading home.
But, despite this very tangible evidence, it would be wrong to conclude that US goods are now so cheap at the existing exchange rate that the dollar must rise from its current level. Although the goods and services that travellers buy may cost less in the US than abroad, the overall price of American products is still too high to erase the enormous trade imbalance between the US and the rest of the world.
To be sure, the falling dollar over the past few years has made American products more competitive and has caused the real value of US exports to rise sharply - by more than 25% over the past three years. But the trade deficit in 2007 nevertheless remained at more than $700bn, or 5% of gross domestic product (GDP).
The large trade deficit and equally large current account deficit (which includes net investment income) implies that foreign investors must add $700bn of US securities to their portfolios. It is their unwillingness to do so at the existing exchange rate that causes the dollar to fall relative to other currencies. In falling, the dollar lowers the value of dollar securities in foreign portfolios when valued in euro or other home currencies, shrinking the share of dollars in investors' portfolios.