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Researchers have long known that very high temperatures can break down the coating in nonstick pans, creating fumes that can kill pet birds and possibly causing flulike symptoms in people. Whether other emissions are a problem even at moderate temperatures has been an open question. Our tests yielded largely reassuring results.
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Lab studies suggest that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), used in making nonstick coating, can cause cancer and birth defects in animals, and might pose a risk in humans. PFOA stays in the body for years and in the environment indefinitely. Working with a lab that specializes in PFOA, we bought nonstick pans from seven makers and repeatedly heated and washed some pans to simulate one, three, and six months of use. We then heated new and aged pans to 400[degrees] F., a cooking temperature well below the makers' recommended maximum of 500[degrees] F., and measured PFOA in the air above the pans.
We found very little PFOA in the tested air ...