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In 1623 the Prince of Wales--the future Charles I--went to Spain. His goal was to woo the sister of Philip IV, the Infanta Maria Anna, in order to effect both a marriage and an Anglo-Spanish alliance. Although his mission at Philips court was unsuccessful, he saw there one of the worlds finest collections of Italian paintings and became determined to create something similar in Britain. To that end, he established a network of advisers, art dealers, agents, and ambassadors across Europe. For example, he acquired a substantial part of the collection of the dukes of Mantua, thus bringing to England works by such luminaries as Tintoretto and Dosso Dossi.
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After Charles's beheading in 1649, much of the royal collection was sold at auction. In 1660 when the monarchy was restored, his son Charles II set about recovering the works of art that had been dispersed. Charles II also acquired many other works not originally in the collection, including seventy-two paintings that he bought ...
Source: HighBeam Research, Italian art in the Royal Collection.(Report from Europe)(Brief...