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Following its independence from Spain in 1581, the Dutch Republic experienced a golden age of unprecedented wealth. The emerging middle class of merchants and entrepreneurs became important patrons of the arts, and one way of establishing and reinforcing their social position was to commission portraits to document the important moments of their lives. In addition to individuals, groups such as guilds also commissioned painters to record them on canvas. Initially, portraits were formal in composition and in the demeanor of their subjects, but as the bourgeoisie became more confident they began to be shown more informally and occasionally with casual intimacy.
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A major exhibition entitled Dutch Portraits: The Age of Rembrandt and Frans Hals is on view at the National Gallery in London until September 16 and then will be seen at the ...