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On page 20 of the April 30 "Nuclear Energy" issue is a picture of a coal-fired power plant showing a huge pair of dark plumes emanating from the plant in a sunlit backdrop.
The left plume emanating from the smokestack is a valid cloud of flying ashes that pollute the atmosphere. However, the larger plume shown in the center of the picture is condensed water vapor emanating into a humid atmosphere from the water-cascade-cooled cooling towers. This water vapor does not pollute the atmosphere. It only humidifies the atmosphere.
Cooling towers are needed to condense the steam exhaust exiting from the steam turbines after the superheated steam has done its work in the turbines. The condensed steam exhaust is in the form of hot water that is subsequently reheated by the coal-fired boiler to superheated steam. The condensed steam exhaust creates a vacuum at the exhaust end of the turbine, while the ...