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In December 1994, less than a year after the NAFTA agreement came into force among the United States, Canada, and Mexico, Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo took the drastic step of devaluating the Mexican peso. The ensuing crisis rocked global markets and threw the Mexican economy into recession.
For the Clinton administration, the political fallout was acute. Not long before, Bill Clinton and congressional cronies in both parties had pulled out all the stops in order to persuade Congress to ratify NAFTA. In opening up Mexico's comparatively closed marketplace, they argued, NAFTA would bring unprecedented opportunities for American companies and confer a cornucopia of jobs and economic growth on our poorer neighbors south of the Rio Grande. A stronger Mexico, they promised, would lead to lower illegal immigration--already an issue of great concern in the middle of the last decade.
Yet within a few months, the Mexican economy was quietly in free fall. A pair of high-profile political assassinations and the launch of the Zapatista rebellion gave hints of a society in turmoil, despite the impression of a Mexican economy that seemed to hum along very ...