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Humans have been having babies for a long time. Still, the process is actually quite complicated. Considering all the steps--and the critical timing--it's sometimes surprising that women ever get pregnant. (Unless you don't want to, of course, then Murphy's Law guarantees that you'll hit the jackpot.) If both a man and a woman are fertile, they will conceive a child eventually, though pregnancy may not happen right away.
Fertility is just what it sounds like--a couple's chances of becoming pregnant. A woman must produce a viable egg during each monthly cycle and a man must produce strong and healthy sperm that can fertilize her egg.
Medically speaking, infertility is the inability for a couple to become pregnant after a year of steady trying. Infertile people are usually not sterile. Fifteen percent of all couples are infertile, while only 1 to 2 percent are sterile. Half of those couples will eventually bear a child, sometimes with medical assistance.
Men and women experience infertility equally. In about 20 percent of infertile couples, both partners have a role in the problem, and in about 15 percent, the cause is unexplained.
A common reason for infertility in women is lack of ovulation, which is sometimes caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or it may be an inability of the fallopian tubes to carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus, usually due to scar tissue. In the uterus, fibroids, endometriosis or irregular uterine shape can keep the egg from implanting. Female fertility declines with age, especially after 35.
In men, the most common reasons for infertility are sperm disorders, including low sperm count, low sperm motility, malformation of sperm and blocked sperm ducts. Men over 40 sometimes have decreased fertility.
Diet, exercise and overall health have a huge impact on fertility. Here are 10 ways you may be able to enhance your fertility.