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THE BASICS: The omega-3 family of oils is essential for health, particularly for normal brain development and heart function. If you eat a lot of processed, packaged or fast foods--or cook at home with corn or safflower oil--odds are that you don't get enough omega-3s. That's because such foods contain large amounts of omega-6s, a competing family of dietary oils.
ALIAS: The two stars of the omega-3 family are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in cold-water fish and omega-3 fish oil supplements. In scientific papers, the omega-3s are often referred to as "n-3." In Europe, they are sometimes called menhaden oils.
HOW THEY WORK: The omega-3 oils have far-reaching roles in health, affecting the activity of genes and how cells communicate with one another. However, they may be best known for their anti-inflammatory benefits. Recent research has found that the omega-3s are the building blocks of powerful anti-inflammatory compounds known as resolvins and neuroprotectins. EPA and DHA also get converted to several hormone-like anti-inflammatory compounds.
HEALTH BENEFITS: Both conventional and alternative-minded physicians frequently recommend taking omega-3 oils for their many benefits.
* Heart Health. The omega-3s protect the heart in several key ways. They reduce inflammation--important because low-grade inflammation of arteries is now regarded as the cause of coronary heart disease. The omega-3s are mild blood thinners, slow the heart rate, and improve blood-vessel flexibility. They also improve heart rhythm, reducing the risk of erratic heartbeats called arrhythmias.
It's never too late to start taking omega-3 fish oils. European researchers recently gave 8g of omega-3 fish oil capsules daily to coronary artery bypass patients. The patients' "bad" very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol decreased and their "good" high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased. They also had relatively low levels of troponin, a marker of surgery-related heart damage.
* Cancer Prevention. The omega-3s may reduce the risk of many different types of cancer, including prostate and breast cancers. The reason gets back to their competition with omega-6 oils. In large amounts, the omega-6s have a cancer-stimulating effect. In contrast, the omega-3s inhibit the growth of cancers. Today, people consume at least 15 times more omega-6s, but in ancient times they ate roughly equal amounts.