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Architectural elements.(John Wilton-Ely's )
In John Wilton-Ely's excellent capsule history of architectural models in The Dictionary of Art, one learns that such models were fashioned in a variety of materials in ancient Greece (although none survives today). Fast forward to the Middle Ages, when architectural models were used by builders to elucidate in three dimensions structural innovations such as vaulted ceilings and were also helpful for setting out sculptural programs in richly decorated cathedrals. In 1517 Michelangelo produced a model for the facade of San Lorenzo in Florence, and Andrea Palladio created two models offering alternative designs for his famous church Il Redentore begun in 1566 in Venice. From Italy, the vogue for models spread to other European countries, particularly to France, where architects made them of various chateaux erected in the sixteenth century, and to England where as early as 1576 the French joiner Adrian Gaunt made a model of Longleat in Wiltshire for Sir John Thynne. Sir Christopher Wren had a model made to his designs for Pembroke College Chapel in Cambridge and another for Saint Paul's Cathedral in London. Models were made of wood, clay, plaster, cork, papier-mache, and other materials, many not durable enough to survive the ravages of time. Sir John Soane, who taught architecture at the Royal Academy in London, had more than 150 models in his possession at the time of his death. Today they are among the most intriguing objects in the highly idiosyncratic house museum in London that bears his name.
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