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Welding shops require many types of equipment, including power supplies, guns, torches, wire feeders, flux-handling devices, and accessories such as cables and ground clamps, as well as consumables--filler metals, fluxes, and shielding gases. For brazing, shops employ furnaces and custom-built fixtures.
FILLER METALS, ELECTRODES
Shielded-metal-arc welding (SMAW, `stick')
AWS (American Welding Society) A5 specifications set standards for electrodes for SMAW of carbon, stainless, and low-alloy steels; aluminum, copper, and nickel and their alloys; and weld-surfacing. Designations for covered electrodes carry the prefix `E'. Packaged to AWS specifications, electrodes come in boxes, cans, or other containers, labeled with their AWS specification and trade name, quality-control (heat or lot) number, supplier name, diameter and length, and weight of contents. Specifications require that every electrode be marked for identification with its numeric designation the grip end.
To select a covered SMAW electrode, consider these factors, in approximate order of importance.