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On the State of the World.
(From Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry (JJTI))
Byline: Wakamatsu Kenji
The World Summit on Sustainable Development concluded in Johannesburg on Sept. 4 after the participants adopted a Plan of Implementation, which calls for conservation of the global environment and poverty eradication in the developing countries inside the process of globalization. There was debate on the measures each country can adopt, and examination of the progress made on Agenda 21, the plan of action adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro a decade ago, which tried to reconcile environmental conservation and economic growth. There has been further degradation of the global environment over the past 10 years, while the progress in globalization and liberalization has increased the gap between rich and poor amongst nations and regions. Official development assistance (ODA) is declining, even though the developing countries had asked the rich countries to contribute up to 0.7% of their gross national product (GNP) for this purpose. The conservation of resources and greater use of clean sources of energy to prevent global warming were topics for debate. Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi Jun-ichiro was amongst the leaders and representatives of 191 nations and territories who took part in this conference. The actual number of participants exceeded 60,000 when we include the representatives from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). One person was absent, however, U.S. President George W. Bush. Other countries have sensed unilateralism in recent U.S. behavior, and the United States has ultimately been condemned by the developing countries and the environmentalists in the rich countries for its lack of enthusiasm on various issues. The Plan of Implementation lists points of agreement on broad-ranging issues. It wants to deal with poverty by establishing a World Solidarity Fund to halve the proportion of the world's people who earn less than US$1 a day, as well as to halve the proportion of people who lack access to safe drinking water and the barest sanitary facilities. There is a call to develop a 10-year program for transforming the patterns of production and consumption. However, the Plan merely urges countries to ratify the Kyoto Protocol on global warming. Nor was any agreement reached on specific numerical targets for the greater use of wind power, solar power and other renewable sources of energy. Moreover, trade rules centering on the agricultural produce of the developing countries, an issue that the developing countries want ...
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