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Robert Walpole, first earl of Orford, who became Britain's first prime minister in 1721, began to collect paintings in the 1720s. By 1736 he had more than four hundred scattered among his four houses.
The impressive list of artists represented in his collection include Peter Paul Rubens, Guido Reni, Salvator Rosa, Rembrandt van Rijn, Nicolas Poussin, Bartolome Esteban Murillo, Claude Lorrain, and Anthony van Dyck. Unfortunately, the profligacy of Walpole's grandson George Walpole, third earl of Orford, meant that more than half the works in Robert Walpole's splendid Palladian house Houghton Hall in Norfolk had to be sold at auction. Despite the best efforts of politicians and connoisseurs to save the collection for the nation, it was dispersed.
Catherine the Great of Russia was a major purchaser at the sale, buying 204 ...