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WHAT WAS DEREGULATED: States liberalized usury laws and allowed intrastate branching beginning in the early 1980s; Congress deregulated savings rates and lending standards in 1980 and 1982, and allowed interstate banking in 1994.
SAVINGS: ([down arrow]) Loans cost more; fees are higher, but more consumers are avoiding them. High taxpayer costs (see below).
SERVICE: ([down arrow]) Confidence in banks lower.
CONSUMER RIGHTS: ([left arrow][right arrow]) Important protections added since 1980, including those covering truth in savings; other long-established rights improved, but usury limits relaxed.
SAFETY: ([down arrow]) 1,600 bank failures, $160 billion bailout.
CHOICE: ([down arrow]) The nation's top 25 banks controlled 51 percent of U.S. deposits in 1998, compared with just 29 percent in 1980.
INNOVATION: ([up arrow]) Worldwide ATM networks; Internet banking; standardized, automated loan approval, which can thwart discrimination but encourages irresponsible borrowing.