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In February, 1945, Franklin Roosevelt, two months before his death, conducted the first-ever meeting between an American President and an Arab king, when Ibn Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia, came aboard Roosevelt's ship in the Suez Canal. F.D.R. was on his way back from the postwar Yalta Conference, and it wasn't geographic luck that got Ibn Saud on his schedule: Saudi oil was essential to the rapid reconstruction of Western Europe and the successful waging of the Cold War.
Two years later, a young industrial photographer named Harold Corsini took these pictures, which show the early, hopeful days of Aramco, the Saudi-American consortium that developed the oil fields. American geologists and engineers came to a country that was sparsely populated, and barely agricultural. They built subdivisions for themselves, with tract houses and clubs and servants. They introduced modern ...