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(From The Moscow Times)
Moscow saw its coldest June in 62 years this year, with the average temperature ringing in at a chilly 13 degrees Celsius, a top meteorologist said Monday.
The usual average for June is a more balmy 17.5 degrees, making the past month's weather the coldest since the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, said Roman Vilfand, director of the country's leading meteorological research center, Gidrometcenter.
Vilfand, however, noted that relying on average figures for a comparison can be tricky, given that the temperature fluctuations that make up the average can be quite significant. June 1996, for example, was warmer on average, but daylight temperatures did hover around 12 and 13 degrees for several days.
This year's cold spell was due to a combination of relatively rare atmospheric occurrences -- gusts of cold air from the Arctic and low pressure in the upper parts of the troposphere, the layer of the atmosphere that starts at the ground and stretches up to 16 kilometers.
"On its own, the cold Arctic air could have been warmed up relatively quickly by the sun," Vilfand said in a telephone interview.
But the low pressure in the troposphere caused the air to rise and form clouds, ...