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I'n the year 2000, for the first time ever, a majority of Americans owned stocks. Unfortunately, many savers joined this growing investor class just in time to be mauled by the most vicious bear market in years. Even profitable firms found their stock prices depressed as skittish investors abandoned many companies reporting solid earnings.
It doesn't have to be this way. Investing in equities shouldn't be a gamble, but a rational act based on the calculation that owning part of a profitable firm will produce wealth in the future either through increased value or dividends paid. It should be irrelevant that other firms are losing money. Even in a down market, a profitable company should be able to protect its investors by distributing its earnings as dividends.
But this doesn't happen as much any more. Why? Because the tax code punishes both the companies that pay dividends, and the investors who receive them.
Unlike most of the industrialized world, the United States imposes a double tax on dividends--once as corporate earnings, and then again when those earnings are distributed as dividends. The resulting rate typically exceeds 60 percent. Taxpayers making as little as $20,000 per year stand to lose almost half of their dividends to federal taxes. As a result, companies don't want to pay dividends, and all except tax-exempt investors don't want to get them.
Even high-tax nations such as France have seen the folly of this practice, and ended double taxation of dividends. But as double taxation continues in the U.S., the percentage of large companies paying zero dividends grows every year. Since 1980, the number of companies in the S&P 500 paying no dividends has tripled. Today, a majority of NASDAQ companies pay no regular dividends at all.
Shareholders have lost not only the cash flow that dividends represent, but also a valuable signal that the earnings of the corporations they hold stock in are solid and real. In a post-Enron/ post-Andersen world in which every earnings report is suspect, rehabilitating dividends as proof of profitability would ...
Source: HighBeam Research, Why I'll vote for the dividend tax cut. (the Tax Economist).