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David Lee and Kevin Gould, "Why Leaves Turn Red," in American Scientist, November/December 2002 (americanscientist.org)
Each fall, leaves turn bright red on many trees. Despite years of research, scientists still don't know exactly why. Florida International University professor David Lee and University of Aukland (New Zealand) researcher Kevin Gould, however, believe that a red pigment called anthocyanin bears much of the responsibility.
Anthocyanin protects leaves in two ways: first, as an antioxidant, it neutralizes free radicals that wreak havoc on the life processes within leaves if left unchecked. More important, anthocyanin shields chloroplasts--intracellular structures which change sunlight into food for plants through photosynthesis--from intense heat and sunlight. Lee and Gould performed an experiment that measured the ...
Source: HighBeam Research, Red, red leaves. (Science And Environment).(Brief Article)