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GBS serotype switch common in women. (A Concern for Vaccine Development).
BANFF, ALTA. -- Researchers who are seeking to develop a vaccine to prevent group B streptococcal infection among pregnant women need to consider a moving target: serotype switching.
In a recent study of 1,248 young, sexually active nonpregnant women, 371 were colonized with group B streptococcus (GBS) at two or more visits. Over the course of a year, 35% switched serotypes, according to the findings of what's believed to be the first investigation of such a phenomenon.
Having multiple sexual partners was the strongest factor associated with the likelihood of serotype switching, Marijane A. Krohn, Ph.D., the study's lead investigator, said at the annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology.
In North America, there are five immunologically different serotypes. Type Ia and type III are the most common, occurring among roughly 28% and 25% of the colonized population, respectively. Type Ib, II, and V occur among roughly 14%, 16%, and 17% of the population, respectively.
Dr. Krohn explained that one goal of her study was to find out if intermittent colonization might be due to serotype switching. In addition, she investigated the factors that drive such serotype switching.
Vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained every 4 months for 1 year. At each visit, participants were also interviewed to reassess behavioral risk factors that could affect colonization and serotype switching such as smoking, number of sex partners, and douching.
Of the total, 72% of participants were colonized for GBS on at least one visit; about 58% were colonized on at least two nonconsecutive occasions.
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