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From 1956, Bernard Taper on Thurgood Marshall and the N.A.A.C.P.
On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court announced its decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," the Court ruled unanimously, declaring that they violated the equal-protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. It thus overturned the doctrine of "separate but equal," which had been the law of the land since 1896, when Plessy v. Ferguson was decided. The Brown ruling--the culmination of a decades-long effort by the N.A.A.C.P.--has today acquired an aura of inevitability. But it didn't seem inevitable at the time. And the fact that it was ...