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Any creditor, including a trade creditor, can become a secured creditor. Secured creditors enjoy an advantage over unsecured creditors in the event that a customer files for bankruptcy protection--and even in cases in which the customer is delinquent. Why? Because in the event of default or bankruptcy, the secured creditor is entitled to "foreclose" on the assets pledged as collateral, or in the alternative a secured creditor is entitled to receive something of equal value.
The process of becoming a secured creditor is complex. Errors in "perfecting" a security interest result in improper filings. An improper filing can result in a creditor having only the illusion of security. A creditor must "perfect" its security interest to make it enforceable against third parties. Perfection is done by filing, often with the Secretary of State. Some of the most common errors creditors make in trying to perfect a security interest include:
* Failing to list the debtor's business name--and instead filing under their d.b.a.
* Having significant discrepancies between the financing statement and the underlying security agreement (contract)
* Failing to file with the correct state or local government entity or entities
* Using generic descriptions of collateral, such as "all assets." Instead, creditors should be more specific and use collateral descriptions commonly found in UCC financing statements.
* Failing to provide an adequate description of the collateral the debtor has pledged