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By Bruce Haynes. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 9002. [lvi, 578 p. ISBN 0-8108-4185-1. $80.] Illustrations, graphs, bibliography, index.
The relationship of musical composition and performance to the notion of an absolute pitch standard is one that is relatively recent in Western musical culture. For much of history, such reference standards were unnecessary, essentially because art music was synonymous with vocal music, and singers were free to set relative and comfortable ranges for themselves. By around the mid-sixteenth century, genres of composition were evolving that brought together unprecedented combinations of voices with instruments of fixed pitch. While ...