Antiques.(demand for artisans in the american furniture lead to their immigration)

 
The master [craftsman] does indeed own the conditions of production-- 
tools, materials, etc. (although the tools may be owned by the 
journeyman too)--and he owns the product. To that extent he is a 
capitalist. But it is not as a capitalist that he is master. He is an 
artisan in the first instance and is supposed to be a master of his 
craft. Within the process of production he appears as an artisan, like 
his journeymen, and it is he who initiates his apprentices into the 
mysteries of the craft. He has precisely the same relationship to his 
apprentices as a professor to his students. Hence his approach to his 
apprentices and journeymen is not that of a capitalist, but of a master 
of his craft. 
Karl Marx, Capital, a Critique of Political Economy, 1867 

The artisan system persisted in early commercial Britain and Europe, formalized in the great urban guilds. In early British America, colonial rule, slavery, the weakness of the guilds, and the abundance of cheap land contributed to the high price of labor. As Benjamin Franklin put it in 1751, "Till it is fully settled, Labour will never be cheap here, where no Man continues long a Labourer for others, but gets a Plantation of his own, no Man continues long a Journeyman to a Trade, but goes among those new settlers and sets up for himself."

The acute French-born observer J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur wrote "I have often seen Irishmen just landed, inconceivably hard to please and as greedy as wolves.... Our mechanics and tradesmen are very dear and sometimes great bunglers." Furthermore, "they must be at your table and feed," he noted, with the sort of aversion voiced by many upper-class European ...