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Vitamin D from diet or sun curbs breast ca risk.(Gynecology)
WASHINGTON -- Women who get plenty of vitamin D, especially early in life, are less likely to develop breast cancer than women who get smaller amounts of the vitamin, according to data from two studies presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Julia Knight, Ph.D., of Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, and her colleagues conducted a case-control, population-based study of women aged 20-59 years from a Canadian cancer registry and the surrounding community. They identified 971 cases of breast cancer and 1,135 controls and asked the women about lifetime sun exposure and dietary vitamin D.
Logistic regression analyses adjusted for variables including age, ethnicity, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, duration of breast-feeding, and family history of breast cancer.
Overall, participating in any outdoor work at any point in life resulted in about a 40% reduction in breast cancer risk (odds ratio 0.60). Participation in at least six types of outdoor activities at ages 10-19 years and at least five types of outdoor activities at ages 20-29 years reduced the risk by about 35%. Outdoor activities did not have to involve physical activity, Dr. Knight noted. However, the risk reduction was not as robust in women who reported that they had kept their arms and legs covered outside.
In addition, drinking at least nine glasses of milk per week at ages 20-29 years was significantly associated with reductions in breast cancer risk, as was the regular consumption of cod liver oil for at least 10 years.
"In general, most women drank more milk when they were younger," Dr. Knight said. Vitamin D exposure during breast development or prior to pregnancy may be particularly important in preventing breast cancer later on, she added.
The evidence for the protective role of vitamin D appeared to weaken with age. By ages 45-54 years, there was some evidence of reduced risk associated with outdoor activity, but it was no longer significant, although the risk was no longer affected by whether the arms and legs were covered.
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