HHS pushes to enforce 'Born-Alive' law.(News)

Officials at the Department of Health and Human Services are trying to encourage enforcement of a 2002 law that defines any live birth as a person.

The agency issued guidance in April that withholding medical care from an infant born alive may constitute a violation of the federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTA-LA) and the Medicare Conditions of Participation.

Officials also notified state agencies that receive grants under the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act that they must have procedures in place to respond to any reports of medical neglect of "born-alive infants."

The Born-Alive Infants Protection Act, which was enacted in August 2002, establishes a definition of the terms "individual," "person," "human being," or "child" as any infant who is born alive, at any stage of development.

The federal law (P.L. 107-207) states that "born alive," with respect to a member of the species homo sapiens, means the "complete expulsion or extraction from his or her mother of that member, at any stage of development, who after such expulsion or extraction breathes or has a beating heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, regardless of whether the umbilical cord has been cut, and regardless of whether the expulsion or extraction occurs as a result of natural or induced labor, cesarean section, or induced abortion."

But the law doesn't mean much medically, according to David Grimes, M.D., an ob.gyn. in Chapel Hill, N.C., and the former chief of the abortion surveillance branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

"The medical impact is negligible," Dr. Grimes said. Instead, Dr. Grimes said, if the law is followed to the letter, it will classify more miscarriages as live births and ultimately infant deaths, giving the United States a statistically worse infant mortality.