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Competition is fierce for a sliver of the lucrative organic-foods pie. Witness the stream of efforts, including a recent change in the law, to weaken the "organic" label's meaning, mainly on processed food.
After years of wrangling, the label has become one of the most potent in the food industry. Consumer groups, including Consumers Union, publisher of CONSUMER REPORTS, believe that the label should live up to the confidence placed in it by an increasing number of Americans.
In 1990, the Organic Foods Production Act was passed by Congress as the base for an independent, public program. After years of debate, and a record 275,000 comments from the public, the National Organic Program was launched in 2002.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture oversees the act, guided by the National Organic Standards Board, a nongovernmental group that includes consumer advocates, farmers, and food processors. The board also has authority for approving all allowable nonorganic ingredients. Five percent of the ingredients in food labeled organic and 30 percent in "made with organic ingredients"may be nonorganic.
Since 2002, there have been repeated assaults on the board's authority and on the standards themselves from companies that want to reap the benefits of the organic label without the burden of higher production costs (see report on page 12). CU has been critical of both the Department of Agriculture and Congress for bowing to industry pressures and has worked to thwart many of those assaults.
Recently an amendment was slipped into the agriculture appropriations bill at the last minute and without opportunity for public input. The original law had barred the use of synthetic ingredients in the nonorganic portion allowed in food with the organic label. A 2005 court ruling upheld that standard, but the amendment to the appropriations bill overrode the court. That move to sidestep the court's decision was engineered by the Organic Trade Association and supported by some of its members, including ...