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Modernism had its origins in the Bauhaus, which was founded in Weimar, Germany, by Walter Gropius in 1919. There designers and architects worked separately and together to unite the creative arts and to apply the technology of mass production. The school was forced to shut in 1933, and its principals spread the doctrine to other parts of Europe as well as to the United States.
Gropius and his colleagues rejected historical styles and applied ornament. Abstraction became as important to their work as classicism and realism had been in previous centuries. Function and utility were paramount, as was a utopian desire for a healthier, more rational, and more efficient life. At this time, for example, the first fitted kitchen was created. ...
Source: HighBeam Research, Modernism.(Report from Europe)(Brief article)