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The growth in popularity of miniatures, which swelled between 1790 and 1810, followed general trends toward close familial relationships, and more privacy and intimacy in Europe and the United States. Often as expensive as small oil portraits, miniatures were generally painted in watercolors on ivory, a costly material. (1) Patrons chose how they wanted their miniatures presented. At different times options included bracelets, brass or gold lockets, wooden frames, and leather cases (see Pls. VI, X). Historically, most miniatures were made to be worn next to the body, reinforcing the physical and emotional closeness between the sitter, the wearer, and the viewer.
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Source: HighBeam Research, The art of John Henry Brown.(Critical Essay)(Biography)