MRI is more accurate for finding breast cancers.(Gynecology)

CHICAGO -- Magnetic resonance imaging done prior to treatment for breast cancer can reveal cancer missed by mammography and ultrasonography, yielding more accurate information about the extent of disease, according to a poster presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America.

"We found almost 29% more cancer by doing the magnetic resonance imaging before surgery or radiation therapy than we thought we had diagnosed with standard mammography, ultrasound, and clinical examination," said Dr. Gillian New-stead of the University of Chicago in an interview. Identifying more cancer up front will influence the course of treatment and ideally produce a more positive long-term outcome, she said.

The researchers classified newly diagnosed breast cancers in 140 women (mean age 56.5 years), of which 53.5% were invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with extensive intraductal component (EIC). Additional lesions identified by MRI in 40 women included 26 in the same quadrant, 11 in a different quadrant, and 3 in the contralateral breast. Specifically, 23 of the lesions were identified as IDC with EIC, 6 as IDC, 6 as ductal carcinoma in situ, and 5 as invasive lobular cancer.

Clinical management was changed in 31 of the 40 women: 20 underwent more extensive surgery, 8 were converted from breast conservation to mastectomy, and 3 were given additional neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Although mammography and ultrasonography are still the primary imaging methods for breast cancer screening and diagnosis, the higher soft tissue contrast and gadolinium-enhanced images obtained by MRI improve the sensitivity of detection and allow more accurate evaluation of the cancer. Most breast cancers enhance rapidly after IV injection of contrast agents because of higher vascularity and the angiogenic factors that produce an increase in capillary permeability, changes in osmolar pressure, and expansion of the interstitial space, the investigators said.

"The MR is looking at the new blood vessel growth, or angiogenesis, in tumors and it's a functional test in that sense, so we see lesions that may not show up on mammograms, especially in dense breasts. And there are some tumors that grow in such a way that makes them more difficult to perceive on a mammogram," Dr. Newstead added.

"Patients underwent imaging in the prone position with the breasts gently immobilized within lateral compression plates. Contrast injection was made with IV administration of 0.1 mmol/kg gadodiamide followed by a 20-mL saline flush at the rate of 2.0 ...