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The sale of organic products will likely break $9 billion this year. But up to now, there hasn't been a standard definition of what exactly an organic food is. Different states and certifying agencies had different ideas and requirements. But all that has changed with the recent adoption by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) of the first national standards for organic food. The new rules, a decade in the making, took effect last month, although farmers and others will have until August 2002 to comply. The rules say that organic ingredients cannot have been made using sewersludge fertilizers, most synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic engineering, growth hormones, irradiation, or antibiotics.
Foods labeled "100 percent organic" must contain only organic ingredients; those labeled merely "organic" must have at least 95 percent organic ingredients, by weight or fluid volume, excluding water and salt. Products "made with organic ingredients" must have at least 70 percent of such ingredients. Consumers Union has told regulators that ...