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Now full of works of art, the Louvre is also the setting for much of French history. The first palace on the site was built at the end of the twelfth century as a fortress, arsenal, and repository for jewels, illuminated manuscripts, and other royal treasures. It became a royal residence about 1400. Francois I demolished the building and commissioned a replacement, and it was he who set the tone for both a grand palace and royal collecting. The Louvre became the royal residence in Paris, and after the Revolution in 1793 it became the first national public art gallery in France.
Over the centuries the Louvre has continued to grow in size and in the scope of its collections. One of the latest major additions was L M. Pei's pyramid in the central courtyard in 1989. All major improvements or additions have had archaeological implications, which is not surprising for a site in almost ...