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Abstract
Students enrolled in zero level ESL at Truman College are reading stories in English on laptop computers. They use Instant English [1], a story authoring software that uses icon sentences, text-to-speech, and recorded speech in a narrative format. As the students listen to spoken sentences, they see the meaning in a string of icons over the words. Other communication strategies used in the literacy class are storyboards, and simple research projects. [2]
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Background: The Ellis Island of the Midwest
The printed word is alien code to more than ten thousand non-schooled foreign and American adults who show up annually ...