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Intranasal vaccine delays onset of autoimmune diabetes in mice.
2003 JAN 8 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- by Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS, senior medical writer - The development of autoimmune diabetes was delayed in mice immunized with insulin conjugated to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) in comparison to mice that were treated with CTB alone, according to a report in Clinical and Experimental Immunology.
"Nasal administration of beta cell-derived auto-antigens has been reported to suppress the development of autoimmune diabetes," explained C. Aspord and Charles Thivolet at INSERM, the French National Institute of Health, in Lyon, France. "We investigated the tolerogenic effects of insulin conjugated to the B subunit of cholera toxin."
When the investigators administered 1 microgram of the insulin-cholera toxin conjugate to nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice intranasally, onset of diabetes was significantly delayed compared with control animals. Higher (4-8 micrograms) or lower (0.1-0.5 microgram) doses of the conjugate, however, offered no protection against the development of diabetes.
Splenic CD4+ T cells from immunized animals could confer protection to naive animals, indicating a regulatory mechanism involving the cellular immune system.
"When coadministered with diabetogenic T cells, splenic T cells from CTB-insulin-treated mice reduced the lymphocytic infiltration of the islets," reported Aspord and Thivolet (Nasal administration of CTB-insulin induces active tolerance against autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Clin Exp Immunol, 2002;130(2):204-211).
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Source: HighBeam Research, Intranasal vaccine delays onset of autoimmune diabetes in mice.