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Genetic vaccines protect mice against Chagas disease.
2002 DEC 11 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- by Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS, senior medical writer - Mice immunized with plasmids coding for Trypanosoma cruzi antigens along with plasmids coding for interleukin-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were protected against a potentially lethal challenge of T. cruzi, providing the possibility of a vaccine to protect against Chagas disease.
"Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi requires elicitation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to extracellular trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes," commented Nisha Garg and Rick L. Tarleton at the University of Georgia in the United States.
Garg and Tarleton vaccinated mice with plasmids encoding amastigote surface proteins (ASP-1 and ASP-2) or trypomastigote-specific antigen (TSA-1) but found that the vaccines did not stimulate strong specific cellular or humoral immune responses. Only 30-60% of mice inoculated with the plasmids survived challenge with a lethal dose of T. cruzi, compared with 90% of the control mice.
However, when plasmids encoding interleukin-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were delivered along with the plasmids encoding antigen, strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody activities were detected, resulting in protection of 60-80% of the mice challenged with a lethal dose of T. cruzi.
The gene that conferred the greatest protection was the one encoding ASP-2 (Genetic immunization elicits antigen-specific protective immune responses and decreases disease severity in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Infection and Immunity, 2002;70(10):5547-5555).
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Source: HighBeam Research, Genetic vaccines protect mice against Chagas disease.