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Typhoid vaccine works through interferon-secreting CD8+ T cells.
2002 OCT 23 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- by Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS, senior medical writer - The protective mechanism of the Ty21a attenuated live virus vaccine appears to occur through the action of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lyse cells infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi).
"Despite years of research, the identity of the protective immunological mechanisms elicited by immunization with the Ty21a typhoid vaccine remains elusive," explained Rosangela Salerno-Goncalves and colleagues at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. "The present study was designed to characterize effector T cell responses in volunteers immunized with S. typhi strain Ty21a typhoid vaccine."
The investigators immunized volunteers with Ty21a and measured T cell activity using a [superscript]51Cr-release assay. Eight-day restimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the volunteers were used as effector cells and phytohemagglutinin A (PHA)-activated PBMCs infected with S. typhi used as target cells in the assay.
"Most vaccinees exhibited consistently increased CD8-mediated lysis of targets by postimmunization PBMC when compared with preimmunization levels," reported Salerno-Goncalves and her collaborators.
Using an newly designed ELISPOT assay, the researchers found a significantly greater frequency of IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFC) in PBMCs from the volunteers after immunization compared with baseline ...
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Source: HighBeam Research, Typhoid vaccine works through interferon-secreting CD8+ T cells.