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Increase In IFN-(gamma) response predicts BCG vaccine effectiveness.(Brief Article)
2002 JUL 24 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- by Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS, senior medical writer - A new study shows that the wide gap in protection against tuberculosis conferred by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BGC) in the U.K. and Malawi can be attributed to environmental exposure to mycobacteria.
"The efficacy of BCG vaccines against pulmonary tuberculosis varies between populations, showing no protection in Malawi but 50-80% protection in the U.K.," said G.F. Black and colleagues at the University of London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
To discover the underlying reason for this phenomenon, Black and associates conducted randomized, controlled studies involving 180 subjects in the U.K. and 483 subjects in Malawi.
The investigators administered Mycobacterium tuberculosis-purified protein derivative (PPD) to all study subjects and measured the interferon-(gamma) (IFN-(gamma)) response in a whole blood sample. The presence of a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction, indicating tuberculosis infection, was also determined in each of three groups, those receiving BCG vaccination, a placebo, or no vaccine.
Prior to receiving BCG vaccination, 61% (331 out of 546) of subjects in Malawi exhibited an IFN-(gamma) response compared with 22% (47 out of 213) of the U.K. subjects. Reactions to the DTH was similar, with 46% (236 out of 517) of Malawi subjects and 13% (27 out of 211) of U.K. subjects responding.
After BCG vaccination, a larger proportion of U.K. patients experienced an IFN-gamma response compared with Malawi patients, 83% (101 out of 122) and 78% (251 out of 321), respectively. Investigators found a similar result 1 year after vaccination (BCG-induced increase in interferon-gamma response ...
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