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Remember the Caroline!: The doctrine of 'anticipatory self-defense' -- more relevant than ever.

National Review

| July 01, 2002 | RIVKIN JR., DAVID B.; Casey, Lee A.; Bartram, Darin R. | COPYRIGHT 2002 National Review, Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.  All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)Copyright

As night fell on December 29, 1837, a small British force crossed the Niagara River from Canada into New York. Their mission was to destroy the American steamboat Caroline, which had been carrying supplies to a group of Canadian insurgents. The Caroline was boarded, fired, and set drifting downriver, towards the Falls. At least one U.S. citizen was killed, several were wounded, and the U.S. came close to war with Britain. Rather than trigger war, however, the "Caroline incident" spawned the modern international-law doctrine of "anticipatory self- defense," a doctrine on which the U.S. now intends to rely heavily to justify military action against terrorist states. ...

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